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After the Gold Standard, 1931-1999
Covering the period commencing with the breakdown of the post-WW1 gold standard in the 1930s and concluding with the Central Banks' Gold Agreement (Washington Agreement on Gold) of 1999. The documents follow four themes: the collapse of the gold standard; legislation, primarily from the US, relating to gold; the international gold market; and international agreements relating to gold. An account of some of the activities of the London gold market is included. The ultimate collapse of the Bretton Woods system is covered in great detail with numerous documents from various official sources.
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| 1931. Sep 20. Confidential telegram from the Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, concerning the decision of the United Kingdom to go off the gold standard. >> |
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| 1931. Sep 21. Philip Snowden's Speech in the House of Commons announcing the temporary suspension of sterling's convertability with gold. >> |
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| 1931. Sep 21. Gold Standard (Amendment) Act, 1931. [UK] >> |
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| 1932. Jan 21. Report entitled 'The suspension of the Gold Standard in Great Britain and its effect on the countries of Europe'. >> |
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| 1932. Jul 11. Resolution of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements relating to the gold standard. >> |
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| 1933. Mar 6. Presidential Proclamation (no. 2039) of Franklin D. Roosevelt prohibiting gold and silver exports and foreign exchange transactions. >> |
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| 1933. Mar 9. Recommendation of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Congress for legislation to control the resumption of banking. >> |
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| 1933. Mar 9. Presidential Proclamation (no. 2040) of Franklin D. Roosevelt extending the prohibition of gold and silver exports and foreign exchange transactions. >> |
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| 1933. Mar 10. Executive Order (no. 6073) of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt reopening the banks but maintaining the prohibition on gold exports and foreign exchange transactions. >> |
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| 1933. Apr 5. Executive Order (no. 6102) of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt prohibiting the hoarding of gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates, and requiring them to be delivered to the Federal Reserve Bank. >> |
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| 1933. Apr 19. Report of A. P. L. Gordon, with Moy, Davies, Smith, Vandervell & Co., 20 Copthall Avenue, London EC2, concerning the revival of the American export embargo on gold, entitled 'Gold, Dollars and Markets. >> |
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| 1933. Apr 20. Executive Order (no. 6111) of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt concerning controls on gold exports and transactions in foreign exchange. >> |
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| 1933. May 7. Excerpt from United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt's second 'Fireside Chat' of 1933: 'What we have been doing and what we are planning to do'. >> |
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| 1933. May 12. Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, 1933. >> |
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| 1933. Aug 28. Executive Order (no. 6260) of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt concerning controls on gold exports and transactions in foreign exchange. >> |
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| 1934. Jan 15. Recommendation of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Congress for legislation to improve the financial and monetary system. >> |
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| 1934. Jan 30. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 [USA] >> |
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| 1934. Jan 31. Presidential Proclamation (no. 2072) of Franklin D. Roosevelt fixing the gold value, by weight, of the United States Dollar, making the dollar convertible to gold at the new price of $35.00 per ounce. >> |
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| 1934. Jan 31. White House Statement on the Presidential Proclamation of Franklin D. Roosevelt fixing the gold value, by weight, of the United States Dollar. >> |
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| 1934. May 14. Press release communicating a resolution of the Bank for International Settlements relative to the restoration of the gold standard. >> |
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| 1934. May 22. Message of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Congress on silver policy. >> |
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| 1934. Aug 9. Presidential Proclamation (no. 2092) of Franklin D. Roosevelt to facilitate the coinage of silver. >> |
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| 1936. Sep 25 - Oct 13. Tripartite Agreement between the US, the UK, and France, in which the subscribing nations agree to buy and sell gold freely with each other in exchange for their own currency. >> |
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| 1936. Sep 27. Swiss Federal Council Decree. >> |
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| 1936. Oct 5. Memorandum of C. F. C. to the Governor of the Bank of England concerning the devaluation of the Italian lira by forty per cent. >> |
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| 1936. Oct 7. Report on the devaluation of the Italian lira, issued by the Overseas and Foreign Department. >> |
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| 1936. Oct 7. Bank of England memorandum on the devaluation of the French franc. >> |
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| 1936 Oct 7. Reuters news wire report, dated from Belgrade, on the likely adjustment of the Yugoslav dinar. >> |
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| 1936. Oct 28. Declaration of the Swiss Government, through the Federal Finance and Customs Department, and the National Bank of Switzerland regarding the purchase and sale of gold. >> |
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| 1936. Oct 28. Table of currency devaluations in the United States and Europe following the devaluation the pound in 1931. >> |
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| 1937-1939 Reports of Machinery and Technical Transport Ltd., International Shipping and Forwarding Agents concerning movements in gold. >> |
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| 1939 March 21. Czecho-Slovakia (Restrictions on Banking Accounts) Act, >> |
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| 1939. Aug 31. Letter of N. M. Rothschild & Sons, giving the price of gold at the time of the morning fixing, to the Chief Cashier of the Bank of England. >> |
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| 1940. Jun 26. Bank of England memorandum, consisting of a report on the distribution of the gold reserves of countries occupied by Germany to determine the quantity that may have fallen into German hands. >> |
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| 1940. Jun 26. |
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| 1940. Jul 19. Bank of England memorandum, giving updated estimates of French, Belgian, and Polish gold holdings at the time of the German occupation. >> |
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| 1944. Jul 22. Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, 1944. >> |
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| 1947. Mar 11. Exchange Control Act, 1947. >> |
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| 1949. Sep 19. Memoranda concerning new gold prices as a consequence of the devaluation of sterling. >> |
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| 1949. Nov 1. Memorandum concerning the case of Emile Katz. >> |
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| 1953. Nov 9. Report of L. J. M., entitled 'The London Gold Market', which outlined of a scheme for the re-establishment of the London Gold Market prior to the restoration of full convertibility of sterling. >> |
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| 1954. Mar 19. Press release from the Press Office of H. M. Treasury, concerning the reopening of the London Gold Market for the first time since the outbreak of the Second World War. >> |
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| 1954. Mar 20. Correspondence of R. A. O. Bridge, Bank of England, to Mr Joseph J. Moran, Vice President, Bank of Manhattan Co., 40 Wall Street, New York, concerning the reopening of the London Gold Market. >> |
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| 1965. Feb 4. Excerpt from a press conference of French President Charles de Gaulle at the Palais de l'Élysée calling for the return of a 'gold exchange standard'. >> |
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| 1965. Jun 12. A revised draft of a 'top secret' paper covering the position of the British Government regarding the operation of the London Gold Market in the event of a devaluation of sterling. >> |
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| 1965. Jun 16. Discussion of Devaluation Strategy at the UK Treasury, 1965. Meeting notes, labeled 'top secret'. >> |
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| 1968. Jan 30. Statement by Secretary Fowler before the Senate Banking and Currency Committee on legislation to remove the gold cover. >> |
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| 1968. Mar. Memoranda on the Gold Pool from Walt Rostow to US President Lyndon Johnson. >> |
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| 1968. Mar 14. Statement by Secretary Fowler and Chairman Martin of the Federal Reserve Board. >> |
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| 1968. Mar 15. H.M. Treasury Press Statement on the London Gold Market. >> |
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| 1968. Mar 17. Washington Communique >> |
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| 1968. Mar 18. Notice instructing Authorised Dealers in gold not to transact in gold before the 1st of April 1968. >> |
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| 1968. Mar 29. Instructions to Authorised Dealers in gold concerning the scheduled re-opening of the London Gold Market on 1 April 1968. >> |
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| 1971. Aug 15. "Address to the Nation Outlining a New Economic Policy: 'The Challenge of Peace." >> |
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| 1971. Dec 18. "Remarks Announcing a Monetary Agreement Following a Meeting of the Group of Ten." >> |
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| 1971. Dec. The Smithsonian Agreement of the Group of Ten. >> |
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| 1972. Mar 31. |
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| 1972. May 2. Summary of the various controls on gold in Western Europe just prior to the collapse of Bretton Woods. >> |
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| 1973. Sep 21. An Act To amend the Par Value Modification Act, 1973. [USA] >> |
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| 1976. Apr 30. The Second Amendment to the IMF Articles. >> |
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| 1982. Mar 31. The United States Gold Commission. >> |
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| 1999. Sep 26. The Central Banks' Gold Agreement. >> |
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